The Destruction and Rebuilding of Hankou
Hankou's buildings were destroyed or seriously compromised multiple times, including in the Taiping Rebellion, the 1911 Yangxia campaign, the 1916 uprising, the 1927 invasion of Chiang Kai-shek'ss forces, the 1938 defesne of the Yangzi, the 1944 Operation Matterhorn Bombing, the 1949 Civil War, and the 1967 Wuhan Incident. Additionally serious floods and fires damaged the city, caused evacuations, and led to the loss of mnay lives. Following each of these destructions, however, Hankou and Wuhan residents returned and worked to rebuild, often unifying through local guilds and commercial organization to fund reconstructive efforts.